Русский календарно-обрядовый фольклор Сибири и Дальнего Востока: Песни. Заговоры. - 1997. (Т. 13).

D ifferen t waves o f settlers, follow ing one after another, at th e end o f th e XlXth and at th e beginning o f the XX-th centuries brought in to Siberia songs o f th e Western, Southern and Central Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine. In some cases there was the enrichment, in others the old residents’ traditions were superseded by the new ones. Under the favourable cond itions the in itia l traditions had been preserved and developed further. Usually the local regional and national traditions mixed together. The Siberian calendar folk lore appears as a multicoloured mosaic, a un ity o f thousand "seats" w ith unique local peculiarities. In th e culture o f Siberian and the Far Eastern people one can come across th e works o f the oral folk art absolutely perfect by con tent and artistic value tha t could be classified as classical samples o f the Russian folklore. And what is more we can fin d such pearls in all the genres. The Russian folk lore o f Siberia deserves the closest a tten tion o f researchers. Before the charms and spells there is an introductory philological ar­ ticle inform ing the readers about the origin and present day existence o f th is type o f art in Siberia and th e Far East: the history o f collecting, publica- ting and studying them; the principles o f their classification. The com­ position and artistic means o f the texts o f charms and spells, the rhythm, space and time o f them and their local features are studied in this article. The poetics o f the Siberian spells has an all-Russian roots. The d istingu i­ shing feature o f the poetry o f th is genre depends upon its con tent and the form o f the spells and charms connected w ith it. Very o ften th e tex t o f the charm is bu ilt w ith the help o f comparison: "Like boots are black the warrior’s heart w ill be black". As V.P. Petrov puts it "The charms are based on the belief tha t a comparison ought to be really realised". All th e poetic means are distinguished by the richness o f epithets, metaphors, metonymies, anaphors, repetitions and reiterations, comparisons, the archaisms, colourful names o f illnesses, plants, insects, parts o f a body and etc. The rhythm is an essence o f the charm. One o f the compiler o f th is volume — professor M.N. Melnikov — has done a huge textological work on the artistic syntactic and rhythm ic structure o f the charms. The overwhelming number o f the texts in th is volume is given in the verse form. According to the compilers’ op in ion th is form o f charm’s presentation gives a most clear idea o f the "creative power o f the rhythm". A musicological part o f the volume (the author and compiler is N.V. Leonova) is represented by the two articles, music notation texts o f calendar songs and charms and also by notes to the melodies. Given in th e article "Musical Peculiarities o f th e Calendar Songs" is the information about music publications o f the Siberian ritual songs, the char­ acteristics o f the song repertoire o f the calendar rituals and holidays o f the Siberian old residents and newsettlers. Also described are the melodic types o f songs o f d iffer en t calendar cycles.