Фольклор ненцев: В записях 1911, 1913, 1946, 1953, 1965-1987 годов. - 2001. (Т. 23.)

heaven inhabitants. After Tadibe — a son of a rich man — guessed the n ames of Kheeno-Yontarkada (Wandering Thunder), Kheeno-Namtalyoda (Sit- ting Thunder) and Nuvu'-Khenomtan (Thunder Which Rends the Skies), Kheeno-Yontarkada informs him that his father has revived. Kheeno-Yontar­ kada marries off his daughter to him as a reward for his wonder-working ski ll s. Upon his return home, his recovered father tells him that he, i.e. father, had been fighting with the nga, a spirit of the underground wor l d, for seven years and conquered him. In this canticle the ratio between the spheres of the universe is very interesting — demonstration of one's power in heaven, in heavenly lands signifies victory over the forces of the underground world and preservation of life on the earth. Sambdabts is one of the most complicat- ed genres — components of ritual mysteries. In this work we can see the text of a shamanic ritual in religious reality performed by Pet Syadai; there are three shamanic rituals of fortune telling in the work with the help of a tambourine and one shamanic ritual of sorcery with the help of an iron handle. Two other texts (Nos. 13 and 14) are notable as they belong to our contemporaries — father and son Serotetto. The son — Anatoly Serotetto — is a rather young man, he can make his own contribution to the interpreta- tion of shamanic texts. Yabe syo (a personal song), which is one of the most mass and favourite genres, is represented by twenty-one songs. In folkloristics they are most often referred to as songs-improvisations, personal songs, songs-gifts, songs- autobiographies, songs-confessions, songs-memorials to oneself and songs- destinies. Yelena Pushkareva refers to them as personal songs as they have authors, i.e., it is not folklore works proper but songs which are the results of individual Creative work. As a rule, the author puts his name into the lyrics of his song, hence the audience and performers learn the name of the author. The themes of personal songs are connected with family, economic and social life of people, their world outlook. The traditional world outlook of the Nenets people, which is basically shamanistic and includes all early forms of religion, such as animism, animatism, animalism, worship of trees, fire and stones as well as echoes of control over nature, has been reflected and continues to be reflected in personal songs. As a rule, personal songs are rather short. There are songs which are several and forty-three lines long. According to Yevgeny Khelimsky, the metrics of personal songs is six-syllabic. Strophics of personal songs has not been specially studied. The songs included in our volume present a heterogenous picture of the structure of strophes. There are strophes which consist of one line and eight lines. The study of strophes of personal songs is complicated by the fact that, according to Yelena Pushkareva, they have several wordings. The first one is a song