Мифы, легенды, предания тувинцев. - 2010. ([Т. 28.)

Also included are toponymic myths explaining the origin of the names of various geographic locations. The story line of texts such as «Kum-Suu» (text 36) and «The Mountains of Great and Lesser Khaiy- rakan and the Tes River» (text 38) is connected with the actions of the culture hero and creator-founder giant Kezer-Chingis (known as «Sar- takpan» in legends). Mythological stories about people who possess magical qualities and abilities include story lines about healers ( o'tchu ), people able to change the weather (chatchy), storytellers ( toolchu ), and blackmiths ( dargan ). Here we also find myths about shamans and about the possession by them of diverse supernatural abilities such as the ability to cause trunder- storms, lick glowing embers, or teil the future using kuzungu, a type of pendant on the shaman’s cape in the shape of a bronze mirror. Part Two contains 32 examples of legends of various sorts. These texts derive from stories about historical personages such as Tuvan free­ dom fighters («Sixty Fugitives»), notable strong men, or runners. The cycle of legends about Amur-Sanaa (Amursana) tells about a real historical personage who entered into the folklore of different Si­ berian Turkic peoples (Tuvans, Khakas, Altai). This person lived in the 18th century and became renowned for his struggle to keep Jungaria free. The stories about him are vivid examples of how a real historical figure can be transformed by folklore into a legendary hero and about how historical legends become mythologized. The name Amursana is linked with an old prophesy predicting the hero’s appearance in Mon­ golia at a critical juncture in the struggle to throw off foreign domina­ tion. The messianic idea of Amursana was also adopted by the Tuvans, Khakas and Altai. Each of these peoples regards «Amur-Sanaa» as their own national hero and awaits his appearance on their territory. Other Tuvan historical legends tell about the struggle against Mon­ gol feudal lords. The motif of struggle against a foreign yoke can be seen in the legend «The Brothers Kara-Choda and Borbak-Sat» (text 79). The idea of Tuvan independence is expressed in the legend «Burgut- Changy» (text 91). The events of 1883—1885 — the time of the «Uprising of Sixty Fugitives», the largest rebellion of common people against the feudal lords and their foreign protectors — form the basis for the text «The Best Fugitive» (text 92) and «The Bogatyr Uzun-Belek» (text 94). These stories tell about the execution of the leaders of the rebellion after its suppression. Real facts and people are at the root of these legends.

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