Тувинские героические сказания: Хунан-Кара. Боктуг-Кириш, Бора-Шэлей. - 1997. (Т. 12.)

story: the description of the dawn, bogatyr’s meals, the psychological state of the hero (anger, excitement, fear); the characteristics of time and space shift: the hero’s conversations with different people and his horse; the formulae of incantations and well-wishes; beginnings and endings. Many typical places in the Tuvinian heroic legends have much in common with the poetic formulae of the Turkic and Mongol peoples of Siberia. The stories under review include a multifarious palette of epithets, comparisons, hyperbolae typical of the epic poetry. The epithets most often used are revealed on the basis of the frequency criteria. They are color epithets: kara" black", ak "white", sa ryg 'yellow ", kyaye "red". For the first legend the usage of the epithet kuu "grey" is most characteristic and in the second text it is ak "blue". Besides, epithets of materials, size and the properties of objects, are also used as well as compound epithets. The functions of poetic comparisons are vastly diverse in the Tuvinian epos. A comparison is used for depicting the hero’s appearances and the objects surrounding the main character. The objects for the poetic com­ parison are taken from the real world: the nomad’s everyday life, nature’s phenomena, local landscape. Hyperbolas are also given a large role in the published legends. Exa­ ggerated are looks of bogatyr and his horse, nature’s phenomena, actions of characters and animals. In the Turkic and Mongol epos the numeric hy­ perbolas play a significant role. The Tuvinian epos is organized as a poem and performed as a narration. The functions of a sound organizer is realized through all types of al­ terations, rhymes, syntactic parallelisms. Every line consists of 6—8 or more syllables that are closely connected with the melody. A rich poetic image system harmonizes well with the heroic pathos of its content — glorifying love for the motherland, courage, and protest against violence. This publication of Tuvinian legends is based upon authentic re­ cordings with dialectal peculiarities preserved. The translation of the epic texts into Russian has been done very close to the original, having the maximum possible authenticity and expressiveness. Included is a dictionary with comments to the translation explaining the archaic words, idiomatic expressions, notions from mythology and Buddhist religion, and epic toponymy. The notes and comments contain short characteristics of texts, information about storytellers, performing traditions, lists of versions and the differences between them. The volume is illustrated with photographs of collectors and per­ formers, objects of the material and spiritual culture of the Tuvinian people Перевод С.П. Маккуойд