Тувинские героические сказания: Хунан-Кара. Боктуг-Кириш, Бора-Шэлей. - 1997. (Т. 12.)

Traditionally there are two types of heroic epos performance — re­ citative (without singing) and vocal, the latter in its turn influences the poetic organization and rhythmic system of the Tuvinian heroic epos. In comparison with the epos of other Sayano-Altai peoples, the Tuvinian heroic tales are performed without instrumental accompaniment. There are different storyteller’s schools in Tuva. The performance manner of every epic singer is individual, connected first of all with the local epic tradition and talent of the performer. A reader can feel this while listening to the fragments of "Khunan-Kara" that are enclosed with the present volume and performed by O. Chanchy-khoo. They are included as a sample of the traditional performance of the Tuvinian heroic epos. Since records of "Boktyg-Kirish, Bora-Sheeley" are absent, enclosed are fragments of this epos by another storyteller — K. Sat who represents fully the style and character of the Tuvinian recitative singing. You can also hear pieces of "bogatyr’s ride” and "bogatyr’s race" from the epos "Fifteen years old Aldai-Sumber" (which has not been included into the present publication) performed by the modern storyteller — S.Sh . Bashtak-ool. Thus, the three different storytellers schools are demonstrated. In the musicological introductory article by Z. Kyrgys the comments to these tunes, their notations are given in a more detailed form. The first records of the heroic tales were made by V. Radiov, N. Kata- nov, G. Potanin, F. Kon at the end of the XIX and at the beginning of the XX centuries. With the appearance of the national writing system (1930) scho­ lars from the Tuvinian Institute of Language, Literature and History became responsible for collecting, publication and studying the Tuvinian folklore. From 1990 the compiler of the present book — OM. Orus-oll has begun publication of the Tuvinian epos in verse form in the series 'Tolklore Monu­ ments". Already published are two volumes in the mother language — 'Tu­ vinian heroic legends" (1994 — volume 1) and "Aldai Buuchu" (1995 — vo­ lume 2) are published already. Volumes 3 and 4 are ready for publication now. The Tuvinian heroic epos is one of the branches of the epic art of the turkic people of Southern Siberia It has many common features with the epos of Khakass, Altai, Shor peoples in origin, plot composition, and also in performance peculiarities and traditions. All this could be explained by the typological regularities, genetic relationship and cultural factors. Thus, the Tuvinian epos like bogatyr poems of the mentioned peoples is archaic The central topics are the heroic marriage of a bogatyr along with his deeds and fight with foreign khans. A common feature in the epos of Sayan-Altai peoples is the existence of three plot types with the heroes of different generations: grandfather- son-grandson (three in "Old Boraldai and his horse Bora-Shokar"), father- son (two in "Boktug-Kirish, Bora-Sheeley") and a bogatyr himself ("Tanaa-